AP Computer Science Practice Test 2026 – Complete Exam Prep

The term 'variables' in programming refers specifically to containers for storing data values. A variable is a symbolic name associated with a value and whose associated value may change during program execution. This allows programmers to write flexible and dynamic code. For instance, if you create a variable called `score`, it can hold a specific numerical value that might change as the program runs, depending on the events that occur within it.

Using variables makes it easier to manage data because they allow you to refer to and manipulate data by name rather than by value directly, significantly enhancing the readability and maintainability of the code. The other options, while relevant to programming, refer to different concepts: functions are designed to perform actions, components handling user input involve input methods or user interface elements, and conditional statements are used to execute different parts of code based on certain conditions.